潛孔沖擊器的使用與維修-張家口市宣化名達(dá)正宇鉆孔機(jī)械有限公司--進(jìn)入該公司展臺 一.概述(General)： HD系列高風(fēng)壓沖擊器是一種沖擊鑿巖工具，但他與其它鑿巖工具不同的是，鑿巖過程中它始終留在孔的底部，活塞直接沖擊鉆頭。
Series HD high air-press DTH are designed as a hammer drill. They differ from other rock drills, however, through continuous operation down against the drill bit.
壓縮氣體經(jīng)過鉆桿進(jìn)入沖擊器，而后從鉆頭排出，排出的廢氣被用來排碴。沖擊器的回轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動由回轉(zhuǎn)頭提供，軸推力由推進(jìn)器提供，通過釬桿傳遞到?jīng)_擊器上。
Compressed air is led to the rock drill thorough the dill tube string. Exhaust air is discharged through hole in the drill bit and used to flush clean the drill hole. Rotation is delivered from a rotation unit and feed force from the feed is transferred the DTH drill via the drill tubes.二.結(jié)構(gòu)原理(Technical descrtption)： 這種潛孔沖擊器是這樣組成的，活塞、內(nèi)缸、配氣座、逆止閥和鉆頭附件等安裝在細(xì)長的外缸內(nèi)，外缸的上有裝帶扳手口和聯(lián)接螺紋的上接頭，下端裝有螺紋連接的卡釬套?？ㄢF套主要用于向鉆頭傳遞推進(jìn)力和回轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動?？ōh(huán)控制鉆頭的軸向運(yùn)動，而逆止閥是當(dāng)停止供應(yīng)壓氣時(shí)，用來妨止巖碴等雜物進(jìn)入沖擊器。鉆進(jìn)過程中，鉆頭被推進(jìn)沖擊器，并壓在卡釬套上，此時(shí)活塞直接沖擊鉆頭進(jìn)行鑿巖。當(dāng)鉆頭提離孔底是，開始強(qiáng)吹。
The DTH dill comprise a narrow elongated tube which contains an impact piston, internal cylinder, air distributor, check valve. The real, threaded top sub is fitted with a spanner slot and coupling thread for connection to the drill tubes. The forward part, the driver check, also fitted with thread, enclose the splines-equipped bit shank and thansfers feed force as well as rotation to the drill bit. A stop ring limits axial movements of the drill bit. The purpose of the check valve is to prevent impurities from penetrating the rock drill when pressedair is shut off. During drilling, the drill bit is with drawn inside the DTH and pressed against the drive chuck. The piston strikes directly against impact surface of the shank of the bit. Air blowing occurs when the bit loses contact with the bottom of the hole.三.使用與維護(hù)(Operation and maintainence)： 1、因?yàn)闆_擊器的接頭和接頭都是右旋螺紋，所以鉆進(jìn)工作過程中，應(yīng)始終保持沖擊器右回旋。
The drive chuck and top sub are threaded into the cylinder with right-hand threads. The drill must be alway soperated with right-hand rotation. 2、開孔時(shí)，應(yīng)采用小的沖擊和推進(jìn)力，使鉆頭平穩(wěn)地進(jìn)入巖層。
Start collaring with reduced throttle to the impact mechanism and feeding, let the bit work its way slightly into the rock.
3、推進(jìn)力和鉆具重量匹配是很重要的，推進(jìn)器的推力必須隨鉆具重量的變化而變化。
It is important that the feed force is adapted to the weight of the drill string. The force from the feed motor needs to be corrected during drilling, depending on the variable weight of the drill string.
4、沖擊器通常采用的回轉(zhuǎn)速度一般為15—25rpm，轉(zhuǎn)速越快，鑿速也就越快，但在堅(jiān)硬巖石中，轉(zhuǎn)速應(yīng)減小，以便保證鉆頭不過分磨損。
The normal rotation speed for DTH lies between 15—25rpm。The upper limit generally produces the best genetration rate, however, in highly abrasive rock, rpm should be in order to avoid excessive wear of the drill bit.
5、因?yàn)槎聣K和空穴都可能導(dǎo)致卡鉆，因此應(yīng)定期采用沖擊器強(qiáng)吹，定期清洗孔底。
Clogged or cave-in of the hole, can lead to a stuck drill. It is best therefore, to cleans the hole regular intervals, by carrying out air-blowing with the rock drill.
6、在接桿過程中，巖碴和各種雜質(zhì)會掉進(jìn)沖擊器中，因此必須蓋好松開的鉆桿螺紋端部，確保鉆桿不粘巖碴和粉塵。
Jointing operation is the work sequence where a down-the-hole drill is most likely to experience contamination, through cutting and various kind of impurities falling down the hole. Make it a rule therefore, to always cover the open the thread end of a drill tube during joining. Make sure also that the drill tubes are free from cuttings and dirt.
7、沖擊器的合理潤滑永遠(yuǎn)不能忽視，否則，會加速沖擊器的磨損甚至造成破壞。
The importance of correct lubrication of the rock drill cannot be over-emphasized. In adequate lubrication accelerates wear and can ever lead to breakdown.四.常見故障排除方法(Trouble shooting)： 故障Fault (一)：潤滑油不夠或沒有潤滑導(dǎo)致過早磨損或損壞 Poor or no lubrication, causing increase in wear or scoring
原因cause：潤滑油達(dá)不到?jīng)_擊器的沖擊結(jié)構(gòu) Oil is not reaching the impact mechanism of the rock drill
排除方法Remedy：檢查潤滑裝置，從沖擊器頂部往下注油或增大壓氣含油量 Inspect the lubrication, top-up with oil if necessary, or increase luboil dosage 故障Fault (二)：沖擊結(jié)構(gòu)不工作或工作不正常 Impact mechanism does not operate, or works with reduced effect.
原因cause ：
1.氣路被堵塞 Supply of air turottled or blocked
2.活塞和內(nèi)、外缸之間，活塞和配氣座的間隙太大。 Too large a clearance, between the piston and the external cylinder, or between the piston and the internal, or between the piston and the air distributor.
3.沖擊器被臟物堵死 Drill dogged by imparites
4.活塞或釬頭尾管斷裂 Piston failure or foot valve failure.
排除方法Remedy：
1.檢查氣壓，檢查氣路是否暢通 Check the air pressure. Check that the air passages up to the rock drill are open.
2.拆開沖擊器，檢查磨損情況，更換磨損件。 Disassamble the rock drill and inspect the wear, replace worn part.
3.拆開沖擊器，清洗沖擊器所有內(nèi)部零件 Disassamble the rock drill and wash all internal components
4.拆開沖擊器，更換活塞或鉆頭 Disassamble the rock drill replace the fractured piston or sit up a new bit.故障Fault (三)：鉆頭和卡釬套脫落 Lost drill bit and driver chuck
原因cause ： 沖擊器工作時(shí)沒有進(jìn)行右旋 Impact mechanism has operated without right-hand rotation.
排除方法Remedy： 鉤起脫落的部件，在鉆進(jìn)和提升時(shí)，確保右回旋。 Fish up the dropped equipment with a fishing tool. Remember to always use right-hand rotation, both when drilling and when lifting the drill stri 張家口市宣化名達(dá)正宇鉆孔機(jī)械有限公司
