2、溫度影響: 0.1液體，當(dāng)溫度達(dá)到80 - 90℃時(shí)，1800萬的分子量會(huì)在2 - 4小時(shí)內(nèi)降解到500萬左右，并且降解會(huì)隨著溫度的升高而變得越來越快。在25℃的室溫工業(yè)葡萄糖在混凝土工程中用減水劑和緩凝劑。其減水、增塑、緩凝作用都很顯著，能夠大大前進(jìn)混凝土的和易性，減少坍落度丟失，前進(jìn)混凝土的后期強(qiáng)度，作為緩凝劑可使初凝時(shí)間從幾小時(shí)延伸到幾天而無損強(qiáng)度。并且適用范圍廣，泵送混凝土、大流動(dòng)性混凝土、大體積混凝土、高強(qiáng)度功能混凝土中均可使用。
葡萄糖粉能夠作水泥摻合劑：水泥中添加必定數(shù)量葡萄糖粉后，可添加混凝土的可塑性和強(qiáng)度，且有阻滯作用，即推遲混凝土的開始與終究凝聚時(shí)期，例如添加0.15%的葡萄糖酸鈉，可將混凝土的初凝聚時(shí)間延伸10倍以上，也就是將混凝土的可塑時(shí)間從幾小時(shí)延伸至幾天，而不影響其牢度。Industrial glucose is used as water reducer and retarder in concrete engineering. Its water reducing, plasticizing and retarding effects are remarkable. It can greatly advance the workability of concrete, reduce the loss of slump and the late strength of forward concrete. As a retarder, the initial setting time can be extended from several hours to several days without damaging the strength. It can be used in pumping concrete, high fluidity concrete, mass concrete and high strength functional concrete.
Glucose powder can be used as cement admixture: When a certain amount of glucose powder is added to the cement, the plasticity and strength of concrete can be added, which can retard the beginning and final condensation period of concrete. For example, adding 0.15% sodium gluconate can extend the initial condensation time of concrete by more than 10 times, that is to say, it can delay the beginning and final condensation period of concrete. The plasticity time of concrete is extended from several hours to several days without affecting its fastness.
水泥中添加必定數(shù)量葡萄糖粉后，可添加混凝土的可塑性和強(qiáng)度，且有阻滯作用，即推遲混凝土的開始與終究凝聚時(shí)期，例如添加0.15%的葡萄糖粉，可將混凝土的初凝聚時(shí)間延伸10倍以上，也就是將混凝土的可塑時(shí)間從幾小時(shí)延伸至幾天，而不影響其牢度。可塑性與推遲開始凝聚時(shí)間在混凝土作業(yè)中是非常重要的問題，如在高溫度季節(jié)施工及大型的工程作業(yè)中，推遲開始凝聚時(shí)間則是個(gè)難題，葡萄糖粉可圓滿解決這個(gè)問題。別的高溫時(shí)膠接油井是比較困難的，添加了葡萄糖粉后的混凝土在170℃高溫下，在幾個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)可塑，因此也能圓滿解決上述問題。因此葡萄糖粉作為水泥摻合劑在國外已許多使用于重要的建筑工程，如中東的許多橋梁工程中。但是我們國內(nèi)在這方面使用也還未太廣泛，據(jù)說有在造紙廢水中提煉纖維素磺酸鈉，其作用與葡萄糖粉根本是不可相提并論的。The plasticity and strength of concrete can be added after adding a certain amount of glucose powder to cement, which has a retarding effect. That is to say, delaying the beginning and final cohesion period of concrete, such as adding 0.15% glucose powder, can extend the initial cohesion time of concrete by more than 10 times, that is to say, delaying the plasticity time of concrete from several hours. Extend to a few days without affecting its fastness. Plasticity and delaying the start of condensation time are very important problems in concrete work. For example, in high temperature season construction and large-scale engineering work, delaying the start of condensation time is a difficult problem, and glucose powder can solve this problem satisfactorily. It is difficult to bond oil wells at other high temperatures. The concrete added with glucose powder can be plastic in a few hours at 170 C, so it can solve the above problems satisfactorily. Therefore, as a cement admixture, glucose powder has been used in many important construction projects abroad, such as many bridges in the Middle East. However, the use of sodium cellulose sulfonate in this field is not very extensive in our country. It is said that sodium cellulose sulfonate is extracted from papermaking wastewater, and its effect is not comparable to that of glucose powder.
非離子型聚丙烯酰胺更適用弱酸性污水絮凝沉降及污泥脫水。ize of the product is generally 100-2000 um.
2、乳液聚合的不同之處在于單體溶液的分散程度相對較低，其通常作為珠粒懸浮在有機(jī)相中。因此，所用的有機(jī)載體是比重較大的溶劑，如二甲苯、甲基氯乙烯等。分散劑通常不使用高活性乳化劑；攪拌強(qiáng)度也低于乳液聚合。懸浮聚合得到的產(chǎn)品為顆粒狀，使用方便。
3、在懸浮聚合溶液中，在懸浮劑如Span60、無機(jī)酰胺、C12-C18脂肪酸鈉或乙酸丁酸纖維的存在下，丙烯酰胺水溶液在汽油、二甲苯和甲基氯乙烯中形成穩(wěn)定的懸浮液以引發(fā)聚合。懸浮聚合結(jié)束后，共沸脫水、分離、干燥，得到珠狀或粉末狀產(chǎn)品。在聚合過程中加入無機(jī)鹽氯化鈉、納米3或Na2NO3可以調(diào)節(jié)體系的表面張力，提高懸浮穩(wěn)定性，但對聚合過程影響不大。然而，加入少量的單羧酸鹽、二羧酸鹽或多羧酸鹽通常會(huì)增加產(chǎn)物的相對分子量并降低聚合速率The dispersion of monomer solution is relatively low, and it is usually suspended in organic phase as beads. Therefore, the organic carriers used are solvents with large proportion, such as xylene, methyl vinyl chloride and so on. Dispersants usually do not use highly active emulsifiers, and the stirring strength is lower than that of emulsion polymerization. The product obtained by suspension polymerization is granular and easy to use.
3. In suspension polymerization solution, in the presence of suspension agents such as Span60, inorganic amides, C12-C18 fatty acid sodium or butyric acid acetate fibers, acrylamide aqueous solution forms stable suspensions in gasoline, xylene and methyl vinyl chloride to initiate polymerization. After suspension polymerization, azeotropic dehydration, separation and drying were carried out to obtain beaded or powdered products. Adding inorganic salts such as sodium chloride, nano-3 or Na2NO3 during the
polymerization process can adjust the surface tension of the system and improve the suspension stability, but it has little effect on the polymerization process. However, the addition of small amounts of monocarboxylate, dicarboxylate or polycarboxylate usually increases the relative molecular weight of the product and reduces the polymerization rate.
3. Mechanical effect: Stirring can improve the dissolution rate of PAM dry powder. High stirring speed will cut off the molecular chain of polyacrylamide. It is suggested that the stirring speed be controlled online to 60 rpm/min instead of using high-strength stirring equipment and high-speed conveying equipment.
4. The influence of illumination: illumination will raise temperature, dissolve and degrade polyacrylamide, while direct ultraviolet irradiation will quickly degrade and dissolve. Direct exposure to intense light for 3 - 5 hours will reduce the molecular weight of PAM by 30 - 50
5. Impurities: Dissolving PAM powder, optimizing the use of neutral water, high hardness of water, or containing impurities, will affect the viscosity and use effect of PAM.
3、機(jī)械作用效果:攪拌可以提高PAM干粉的溶解速度，高強(qiáng)度攪拌速度會(huì)切斷聚丙烯酰胺的分子鏈，建議在線控制攪拌速度至60轉(zhuǎn)/分鐘，而不是使用高強(qiáng)度攪拌設(shè)備和高速輸送設(shè)備。
